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Researchers have come up with different explanations for the “value premium”, ever since Fama and French published their famous research paper in 1992, showing outperformance of value stocks over growth stocks over long term.
Further, numerous academic studies conducted since then have shown that value stocks have delivered higher returns with lower volatility compared with growth stocks over the long term in almost all the markets studied.
Does that mean that investors should ignore growth stocks? Not at all; growth stocks shine in certain market cycles and value stocks in some others. But given their proven performance over long term, value stocks and funds should be a predominant part of any ‘core’ portfolio.
Also, while some of the small cap companies have high return potential, they are mostly riskier and require frequent monitoring, and on the other hand established large cap companies with solid balance sheets and stable cash flows are less risky and thus more suitable for long term investors.
Are Cheaper Funds Better?
Expense ratios are an important factor in the return of an ETF and in the long-term, cheaper funds can significantly outperform their more expensive cousins, other things remaining the same.
The following table shows how high expanses can affect fund returns. In the example, we put $10,000 in three funds, with annual expense ratios of 0.10%, 0.50% and 1.00% respectively and assumed that all three of them returned 8% per annum.
The difference in total returns (after expenses) becomes very significant as we increase the holding period. For the purpose of simplicity of calculations, we have ignored transaction costs and taxes.
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