This article was written exclusively for Investing.com
With interest rates surging, stocks have grown more expensive on a relative basis. Over the past 10 years, an excellent way to measure the value of the S&P 500 versus the 10-year Treasury rate has been to use the S&P 500 dividend yield. That valuation range has consistently been able to call tops and bottoms for the markets.
Currently, the difference between the dividend yield and the 10-year Treasury rate is around 1.5%. Said another way, the 10-year rate is now 1.5% higher than the S&P 500 dividend yield. The difference between the two hasn't been this wide since early 2011.
Dividend Yield Vs. Treasury Rate
Unless something has changed meaningfully in this relationship, it seems appropriate to believe that the spread is at a point where there isn't much additional room to widen. That would mean either the 10-year Treasury rate needs to decline or the S&P 500 dividend needs to rise. However, in the past, it has generally been the S&P 500 that has fallen in value, an indication of the dividend yield rising.
The only time that the S&P 500 didn't see a significant drawdown after the spread widened to 1% or higher came after the 2008 financial crisis was in 2014. Every other period saw big equity drawdowns that ultimately led to the index's dividend yield rising. Such was the case in 2010, 2011, and 2018. It is yet to be seen if the same will happen in 2022, but it would make plenty of sense for that dividend yield to rise and that spread to contract.
Earnings Yield Vs. Treasury Rate
Another option is to use the earnings yield of the S&P 500 versus the 10-year rate, which is at the lowest point in nearly a decade. The spread between the S&P 500 earnings yield and the 10-year rate narrowed to around 1.4% in the middle of April. This would suggest that the earnings yield of the S&P 500 needs to rise, or better, the S&P 500 needs to fall to adjust for the higher interest rate environment.
It is a bit of a moving target to figure how much the S&P 500 should move lower because it depends on how much the 10-year yield rises or falls. But it seems very clear that stocks haven't been this expensive versus rates in a long time, and that stocks are likely very susceptible to weakness, especially if rates continue to rise. The higher rates climb, the more significant the impact will have on stock prices overall and likely act to cap the gains witnessed in equity prices.
Given the push higher in rates, it seems very difficult to imagine stocks returning to their all-time highs soon. They are more likely to feel more pain as rates go higher if the Fed holds to its word of future rate hikes.