By Dmitry Zhdannikov
LONDON (Reuters) - Glencore is seeking to raise $550 million from investors via a debt issue guaranteed by oil from Iraqi Kurdistan in an attempt to secure a big slice of the high-risk - and high-reward - market in a region at war with Islamic State.
Kurdish oil has been targeted by European traders over the past two years, during an industry downturn, since Erbil began selling oil independently from Baghdad. It has been relatively cheap due to the potential for supply disruptions and threats from Iraq's central government to sue anyone touching the crude.
The government of the autonomous Kurdish region in Erbil has borrowed around $2 billion from Glencore's rivals such as Vitol, Petraco and Trafigura to be repaid in oil. The companies have all borrowed money from banks and lent it to Erbil at their own risk.
Glencore (L:GLEN), whose commodity trading division has been under pressure to perform as mining profits have declined, was the last merchant to enter the game earlier this year by lending $300 million to Erbil. The loan is being repaid by way of one mid-sized oil cargo a month, worth around $25 million.
Now the company is seeking a much bigger role in the region, but wants to split the risks by selling debt notes to be repaid with Kurdish oil income, according to a prospectus seen by Reuters.
Technically, the money would be raised by a special-purpose vehicle, says the document which has been sent to a small number of investors who specialize in high-risk markets.
It says Glencore expects to enter into a new 5-year agreement with the government of Kurdistan to buy its crude, with deliveries rising from one cargo in January, to two in February-March, four in April and six from May onwards.
Six cargoes a month would represent a quarter of overall exports from Kurdistan and would be worth over $1.7 billion a year at today's price of around $40 per barrel for Kurdish oil, and more than $8 billion over the course of five years.
Glencore declined to comment.
The risks of investments linked to Kurdish crude is reflected in the high returns offered in the debt issue.
Glencore's planned five-year note would carry an interest rate of 12 percent, according to the prospectus. That contrasts sharply with its other borrowings - it is currently buying back bonds carrying rates of 2.5 percent to 3.125 percent.
The company is also seeking a 36-month grace period before it starts repaying the debt in monthly installments, another reason why investors might expect a high return.
MILITANT ATTACKS
While Glencore and rivals have loaned money to Erbil, sources have previously told Reuters, they have never publicly acknowledged such deals for fears of confronting the Iraqi central government, which says the Kurds have failed to respect deals to transfer agreed volumes of oil to Baghdad.
Baghdad has softened its tone on Erbil in recent months as they wage a joint battle against Islamic State, but Iraqi state oil firm SOMO still occasionally threatens to sue buyers and sellers of Kurdish crude.
Kurdistan exports its oil via the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. Flows have been running at over 600,000 barrels per day since September after being occasionally disrupted in 2015 and at the start of this year due to militant attacks in Turkey and Kurdistan.
Glencore says in its prospectus that, at today's oil prices, the value of oil that it will receive under its new 5-year contract with Kurdistan will be over six times bigger than the $550 million debt issue.
But it also warns that disruption of deliveries "may lead to deferral of monthly interest payments and principal". It adds, however, "that historical recovery track record for Glencore of these types of oil-backed facilities is exceptional".
Glencore has been pre-financing oil exports from difficult places for decades since it was set up by the godfather of oil trading Marc Rich in the 1970s.
Such transactions do occasionally face setbacks like in the case of Moroccan refiner Samir, where several trading houses including Glencore lost hundreds of millions of dollars last year.
Glencore said it would hold a minimum of 10 percent of the notes at all times following the issue.
The move to secure larger volumes of oil from Kurdistan might put pressure on its rivals Vitol, Petraco and Trafigura which are renegotiating their contracts for 2017.
Vitol has so far been the largest buyer, with Petraco second and Trafigura and Glencore third and fourth respectively.
(Reporting and writing by Dmitry Zhdannikov; Editing by Pravin Char)