(Reuters) -The European Union launched an investigation into China's procurement of medical devices on Wednesday in a latest effort to protect home-grown manufacturers.
It has also launched several probes into whether Chinese clean tech producers are dumping subsidised goods on its market and whether Chinese-owned companies unfairly benefit from subsidies while operating inside the EU.
The European Commission, which is carrying out the investigations, says its aim is to prevent unfair competition and market distortion.
Here's what you need to know about the investigations:
MEDICAL DEVICES
The European Commission launched a probe into Chinese public procurement of medical devices, the EU's official journal said on April 24.
The investigation is the first under the EU International Procurement Instrument, which aims to prevent countries from unfairly favouring domestic suppliers.
If the Commission finds that European suppliers don't have fair access to the Chinese market, it could place restrictions on Chinese medical device companies bidding in EU public tenders.
The investigation is to be concluded within nine months, although the Commission can extend this period by a further five months.
WIND TURBINES
The EU is investigating subsidies received by Chinese suppliers of wind turbines destined for Europe, the bloc's anti-trust commissioner Margrethe Vestager said on April 9.
It will look into wind park development in Spain, Greece, France, Romania and Bulgaria, Vestager said without naming specific companies.
China said the probe was "discriminatory" against Chinese enterprises and endorsed protectionism.
SOLAR PANELS
The Commission opened two investigations under the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) into whether two Chinese bidders benefited excessively from subsidies in their offers in a public tender for a solar power park in Romania, it said on April 3.
The investigations concern a consortium composed of Romania's ENEVO and a unit of China's LONGi, and subsidiaries of Chinese state-owned Shanghai Electric Group.
The Commission has until Aug. 14 to take a decision on whether to block the contract, accept commitments from the companies to eliminate the distortion of competition, or not to object.
The Commission's first investigation launched under the FSR, concerning a Chinese train maker's participation in a Bulgarian tender for electric trains, ended after CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive withdrew its tender.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
The Commission said on Sept. 13 it would launch an anti-subsidy investigation into Chinese electric vehicles to determine whether to impose punitive tariffs on them.
It wants to find out if Chinese exports of EVs to the EU market are benefitting from excessive subsidies.
China's commerce minister Wang Wentao said in April that U.S. and European assertions of excess Chinese EV capacity were baseless, while a Chinese industry body said the probe was stacked against Chinese manufacturers.
The investigation, officially launched on Oct. 4, will last up to 13 months. The Commission can impose provisional anti-subsidy duties nine months after the start of the probe.