By Marianna Parraga, Erwin Seba and Tom Polansek
HOUSTON/CHICAGO (Reuters) -Energy production and agricultural exports out of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico were partially disrupted on Wednesday, and some oil refineries in Louisiana slowed operations ahead of Hurricane Francine's landfall later in the day, according to official and operator reports.
Port Fourchon, Louisiana, home to marine and equipment suppliers to offshore oil producers, was closed to vessel traffic as was the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), the only U.S. deepwater port that can handle very large crude carriers (VLCCs) for oil imports and exports.
New Orleans, Plaquemines, Cameron, Lake Charles and Houma ports remained closed on Wednesday, the U.S. Coast Guard said, tying up fuel, soybean and grains headed for export. Francine's rains could threaten the region's cotton crop, agriculture officials said.
Six eastern Louisiana refineries, most around New Orleans, were operating with minimal staff to ride out the storm in the plants. Exxon Mobil (NYSE:XOM)'s Baton Rouge refinery cut output to as low as 20% of its 522,500-barrel-per-day (bpd) capacity in preparation for Francine's landfall later on Wednesday.
U.S. crude oil jumped more than 2% on Wednesday, driven by fears of lengthy production shutdowns in the offshore oil patch as Francine barreled through.
Nearly 39% of oil and almost half of natural gas production in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico was offline on Wednesday. A total of 171 production platforms and three rigs had been evacuated.
The shut-ins cut nearly 675,000 barrels per day of oil, and 907 million cubic feet per day of natural gas from offshore production, according to the offshore regulator. The Gulf is home to about 15% of U.S. oil and 2% of natural gas output.
Oil and gas production could be affected for about two weeks depending on the severity of the hurricane on landfall, said Alex Gafford, an analyst at East Daley Analytics.
Strengthening into a Category 2 hurricane, Francine's eyewall was nearing southern Louisiana on Wednesday afternoon, bringing maximum sustained winds of up to 100 mph (155 kph), the U.S. National Hurricane Center said. Its center is expected to move across Mississippi on Thursday.
The storm is expected to bring heavy rainfall and the risk of considerable flooding across southeastern Louisiana, Mississippi, far southern Alabama and northern Florida.
Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry and U.S. President Joe Biden declared a state of emergency for Louisiana.
The hurricane is expected to spare liquefied natural gas plants recently built or expanded near the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The storm track was farther east than many of the coastal plants.
TEXAS RELIEVED
As the hurricane moved towards Louisiana, some Texas ports that had closed earlier this week including Brownsville and Orange began post-storm assessments in preparation for reopening, while others including Houston, Freeport, Beaumont, Port Arthur and Sabine lifted navigation restrictions, the Coast Guard said.
Francine has disrupted crop shipments to the Mississippi Gulf region, responsible for about 55% of U.S. soy exports, said Mike Steenhoek, executive director of the Soy Transportation Coalition, an industry group.
"The barge companies are not directing their barge flotillas to go down into that area until the storm exits the region," Steenhoek said.
Francine's ultimate impact will depend on how severe the storm is, Steenhoek said. While hoping for minimal disruptions and damage, traders also are watching to see whether Francine brings needed precipitation to the Mississippi River at a time when low water levels have slowed grain transportation.
Farmers in the central Gulf Coast region and the Mississippi Delta were preparing for the storm's arrival by harvesting crops, including rice and soybeans, where possible, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said in a weather report.
Much of the region's cotton crop is vulnerable to damage from rain and winds as their bolls are opening, USDA said.