Yields to maturity of Spanish government bonds spiked last week when the province of Valencia asked the central government for financial support, confirming that not only Spain’s banks but also its provincial governments are in difficulty. Meanwhile, the national economy is struggling, having contracted 0.4% (non-annualized) in Q2. Against this backdrop, the market sent the Spanish 2-year yield to 7.15% and the 10- year yield to 7.75% on July 25. By our calculation, the IMF’s five-year growth forecast and the country’s current debt suggest that even if its weighted average cost of funds were to remain close to 3%, Spain would have to run an operating surplus of 0.7% of GDP to stabilize its debt-to-GDP ratio. A cost of 7% over the long run would raise the requirement to 3.8%. With Spain currently running an operating deficit of 3.6%, that would mean an adjustment to the primary balance amounting to 7.4% of GDP, requiring an increase in government revenue of 21%! Even in the short run, Spain’s borrowing requirements made last week’s yields a threat to its fiscal position and, by the same token, to the euro. ECB president Mario Draghi responded by pledging to safeguard the European currency, putting his reputation on the line. The market listened: the Spanish 10-year yield has fallen 115 basis points since then. Having fuelled expectations that the ECB will resume its bond-buying program, Mr. Draghi now must deliver. The Governing Council of the ECB meets Thursday.