By Rajesh Kumar Singh
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Win Cramer thought his company was out of the firing line in the escalating Sino-U.S. trade war after his "Made-in-China" wireless headphones, speakers and earbuds were taken off Washington's tariff list a year ago.
Little did the JLab Audio chief executive know that nine months later those products would again be targeted, posing an even greater risk to his California-based company.
Earlier this month, U.S. President Donald Trump unexpectedly put off new 10% tariffs on about half of $300 billion of targeted Chinese imports until Dec. 15. But JLab's shipments will be subjected to the tariffs starting Sept. 1.
Trump's push to rewrite global trade rules has upended supply chains and inflated costs for many U.S. companies. His tariff threats, also aimed at forcing American companies to move operations back home, have complicated planning for those with suppliers or manufacturing in China.
On Friday, Trump in a tweet "ordered" U.S. companies to exit China after Beijing unveiled retaliatory tariffs on $75 billion in U.S. goods, throwing a new twist into the bitter trade war between the world's two largest economies.
After the tariff reprieve in August 2018, JLab poured $1 million into new product development and spent another $500,000 to expand its U.S. workforce by 20%. The investment, one of the biggest for the mid-sized company that was founded in 2005, is now at risk.
"We invested because we felt confident tariffs would not be put back on these products," Cramer said in an interview. "Perhaps, it would have been better if, last year, they hadn't removed us from the tariff list."
The $550 billion U.S. chemical industry is also finding itself in a pickle after 111 products that it imports from China are on the latest tariff list. They had been exempted in August 2018 on grounds that they were essential for U.S. manufacturing and agriculture.
The about-turn has frustrated chemical manufacturers, said Ed Brzytwa, a director at the American Chemical Council (ACC). "There is no explanation from the administration why they flip-flop like this. It is very confusing to us."
Chemical manufacturers are spending copious resources dealing with tariffs rather than on product innovation and research and development, Brzytwa said, adding that some companies have had to cut travel budgets.
An official at the office of U.S. Trade Representative declined to comment beyond saying that the products, covered in the latest round of tariffs, were not included in the previous duty increases.
SITTING TIGHT
With no end seen to the trade war, companies are going slow on new spending until future U.S. trade policy becomes clearer.
Business investment shrank in the second quarter for the first time since 2016, Commerce Department data showed. U.S. business confidence has sunk to the lowest in nearly three years, according to a OECD survey.
"We need to get a trade deal resolved to get some confidence back in this market," Dow Inc (N:DOW) CEO James Fitterling told investors recently. Until then, the chemical producer will keep capital spending "tight," he noted.
Caterpillar Inc (N:CAT) said last month its customers had turned cautious about making large capital expenditures.
JLab has canceled hiring plans for the United States.
Cramer is meeting with retailers such as Best Buy (N:BBY), Target Corp (N:TGT) and Walmart Inc (N:WMT), imploring them to accept tariff-induced price hikes for his products. Similar talks in 2018 were suspended after JLab's products got a reprieve.
Since price increases alone will not fully offset the tariffs, JLab is reviewing all options to cut costs - from coffee suppliers and cleaners to marketing and advertising plans - for the second half of the year.
INVEST OVERSEAS
To reduce its reliance on China, JLab will start production in Vietnam in January. But with the Trump administration's focus on correcting trade imbalances, Cramer worries that the Southeast Asian nation could be next in the line of fire.
U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer last month warned Hanoi over the "unsustainable" bilateral trade gap.
The U.S. trade deficit with Vietnam was $39.5 billion in 2018 and is expected to widen further as many American companies move production into the country to avoid the trade war with China.
JLab also has fast-tracked plans to expand overseas. Sales abroad currently account for 10% of its revenues.
"As things stand today, we are not hiring in the U.S. anymore," Cramer said. "But I am hiring overseas and creating jobs in Europe, APAC and China because I feel confident that those markets will provide us some stability."
Brzytwa of ACC said some of chemical producers are reviewing their U.S. investment plans and are considering moving production overseas.
The United States has a large and growing trade surplus in industrial chemicals. The industry's exports were $140 billion in 2018, accounting for 10% of all U.S. goods exports.
To grow, Brzytwa says, U.S. chemical makers need China, which is not just their third-largest exports market, but also a vital source for many inputs.
"We are worried about our market access closing in other parts of the world," he said.
POLICY BY TWEET
Apart from the flip-flop on tariffs, companies are troubled by how the administration conducts and communicates trade policy.
Frequent twists and turns are forcing companies adapt and re-adapt at frequent intervals. Trump's penchant for announcing his decisions on Twitter also leaves them little time to prepare for changes.
Cramer and other company heads said they have little choice but to keep monitoring Trump's tweets to find out the latest news on trade relations with China.
In May, Cramer was getting ready to start the hiring process for three new employees in his California and Texas offices when he learned via Trump's tweets that the trade talks with China had broken down and a new round of tariffs was in the offing. After the administration put his products on the tariff list, the hiring process was put on hold.
He revived the process when Trump in late June declared a truce with China. But as he began interviewing job candidates, Trump tweeted on Aug. 1 that the tariffs were back in play.
If all else fails, Cramer may have to consider layoffs but the fluid U.S. trade policy makes it tough to decide.
"I am not motivated to just let people go on a whim, knowing that a tweet on Tuesday can come out and say 'you are fine, don't worry about it'," Cramer said. "It is outrageous."